Best Natural Remedies For A Healthy Lifestyle – Vitamin E is a fatty acid with different forms, but alpha-tocopherol is the only one that the human body uses. Its main function is to act as an antioxidant, reducing free electrons – called “free radicals” – that can damage cells. [1] It boosts the immune system and prevents the formation of blood clots in the arteries of the heart. Antioxidant vitamins, including vitamin E, came into the limelight in the 1980s when scientists began to understand that free radical damage was involved in the early stages of atherosclerosis and could help with cancer, vision loss, and more. special situation Vitamin E can under certain conditions protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the production of free radicals. However, conflicting research results undermine some of the promise of using high doses of vitamin E to prevent cancer.
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin E for men and women 14 years of age and older is 15 mg per day (or 22 international units, IU), including pregnant women. Lactating women need 19 mg (28 IU) per day.
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For a time, vitamin E supplementation was considered a simple way to prevent heart disease. A recent review of the evidence from clinical trials by the US Prevention Task Force found no beneficial effect of vitamin E supplements in preventing heart disease, and therefore their use is not recommended. [2] Although many large clinical studies and clinical trials have shown the cardiovascular benefit of these dietary supplements, especially in healthy individuals, most clinical studies have shown no benefit in healthy people or people with heart problems. cancer.
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Based on these findings, the American Heart Association concluded that “scientific evidence does not support the use of antioxidant supplements (such as vitamin E) to reduce the risk of CVD.” [11] It is possible that in those who already have heart disease or are at risk of developing heart disease, the use of drugs such as aspirin, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors may mask the low effects of vitamin E, even though drug E is useful among healthy people.
Recent evidence suggests that vitamin E supplementation may have only a modest benefit in some population groups. For example, a high-vitamin E trial in Israel showed a significant reduction in heart disease in people with type 2 diabetes who had a normal genetic predisposition to oxidative stress. [14]
Overall, observational studies have not found that vitamin E in foods or supplements provides significant protection against all cancers or other diseases. [15-24] A new review of the daily rituals of the US evidence on the effectiveness of cytamine e in cancer showed no benefit or small cancer mortality. [2] Observational studies and clinical trials are conflicting, with some showing that vitamin E supplements may reduce the risk of prostate cancer in smokers, and a large study showing that vitamin E increases the risk of prostate cancer. [17, 25-27]
Researchers hope the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) will provide more definitive answers about vitamin E and prostate cancer. 18,000 SELECT men were assigned to one of four treatment plans—vitamin E and selenium, vitamin E and selenium placebo, selenium and vitamin E placebo, or double placebo—and were followed for 7 to 12 years, but researchers stopped the study in mid-2008. when preliminary research showed that vitamin E does not provide cancer or cancer prevention. [28] Even after the experiment ended, investigators continued to follow the people involved. In 2011, they reported a 17% higher rate of prostate cancer in men who took vitamin E; There was no significant increase in prostate cancer in men who took vitamin E and selenium. [29]
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Although these results may be troubling, two large studies of vitamin E and prostate cancer have had mixed results: For example, a randomized trial of alpha-tocopherol beta carotene followed about 30,000 Finnish men who used tobacco for about six years. [25] found that men who received treatment for prostate cancer had a 32% lower risk of developing prostate cancer than men who did not receive treatment. The protective effect of vitamin E is stronger in men whose cancer can be diagnosed through clinical trials. Meanwhile, the large, long-term Physicians Health Study II found that vitamin E supplements neither increased nor decreased the risk of prostate cancer or other cancers. [30]
Why is the SELECT study on vitamin E and prostate cancer different from previous studies? Previous studies of vitamin E supplementation and prostate cancer have found the greatest benefit in men who smoke and have prostate cancer. [17, 25-27] However, in the SELECT trial, less than 10% of the men were smokers, and most of them had previously been diagnosed with prostate cancer using the prostate-specific serum (PSA) test. [28, 29] The PSA test does not detect most prostate cancers in time. There is some evidence to suggest that different methods can be used in the early stages of prostate cancer. A large study of a drug to prevent prostate cancer found mixed results when used in early prostate cancer. [31]
Remember that most prostate cancers grow slowly, and any research into prostate cancer prevention needs to follow men over the long term. By stopping the SELECT trial early, there is no way to know whether vitamin E will help prevent prostate cancer in some men if they continue in the trial longer. There was a small number of cases in the SELECT trial for advanced prostate cancer, which limited the interpretation of the findings.
A six-year study showed that vitamin E, along with vitamin C, beta carotene and zinc, provided some protection against macular degeneration (AMD), but not against cataracts in people with severe problems. diseases. [32, 33] Vitamin E alone does not provide a significant benefit in AMD or cataracts. [34, 35]
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Scientists trying to find the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and other diseases of the brain and nerves have focused on the role of damage in the development of these diseases. [36] Today, however, there is little evidence that vitamin E can help prevent these diseases or provide any benefit to those who have them.
Because vitamin E is available in a variety of foods and supplements, deficiency is rare in the US. People who have digestive disorders and don’t consume enough fat (such as pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease) may be deficient in vitamin E. Here are common symptoms of a deficiency:
There is no evidence of toxic effects of vitamin E in food. Most adults who get more than the RDA of 22 IU per day take multivitamins or various forms of vitamin E available anywhere from 400 to 1,000 IU per day. Adverse effects of supplement use in healthy individuals have not been reported. However, there is a high risk of bleeding, especially if doses are higher than 1,000 mg per day or if the person uses a blood thinner such as warfarin. For this reason, the upper limit of vitamin E for adults 19 years of age and older is 1,000 mg per day (1,465 IU) of any type of tocopherol supplement. [1]
Because of sporadic evidence of negative health effects of vitamin E, scientists have debated whether these supplements may cause injury or increase the risk of death.
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Scientists tried to answer this question by combining the results of several studies. In this review, the authors collected and summarized data from 19 clinical trials of vitamin E, including the GISSI and HOPE trials [50]; found higher mortality in a study where patients took more than 400 IU of the supplement per day. Although this meta-analysis grabbed headlines when it was published, there are limits to what can be inferred from it. Some findings are based on several studies. In one of these experiments, vitamin E was combined with levels of beta-carotene, which is associated with increased mortality. Most of the vitamin E studies included in the review involved people with heart disease or Alzheimer’s disease. A meta-analysis comes to a different conclusion. So it is not clear whether these findings also apply to healthy people. For example, the Physicians’ Health Study II found no difference in mortality between study participants who took vitamin E and those who took a placebo. [13]
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